Management of disease and insect-pest of Cruciferae crops in your garden
It would be peculiar to say one have not observed blight,
black rot, downy mildew infesting various parts of Cole crops or insect-pest
lingering around their Cruciferae garden.
Cruciferae crops like cauliflower, cabbage, turnip, radish,
broad leaf mustard, Swiss chard grown in your garden are Nutritious not only for
you but also for various insect-pest and micro-organisms present in the
environment. Quality and Quantity degradation's are the possible outcome of
those disease and pest infestation in your garden.
Some neophyte gardeners might struggle in the proper
identification of causal agent, Damage symptoms and effective management
measures. So, here are the managements tips for disease and Insect-pest in
Cruciferae crops.
Insect-pest of cole crops and their management
Cabbage butterfly
Identification
You can see the butterfly with distinct white wings with
black patches in their fore wings which is popularly known as cabbage
butterfly.
Damage symptoms
Its damage symptoms can be observed as numerous holes on the
leaves of cabbage, heavy infestation result total consumption of whole leaves.
Management
To manage this pest, you can destroy their eggs and larvae’s
manually while adults can be collected with the help of scoop nets and killed.
We can use Cypermethrin and malathion for an instance to control those pests.
Diamond back moth
Identification
Another economically important pest is the Diamond back
moth. These moths are brown in color. Inner margin of their wings has three
white triangular signs while, resting forms the shape of a diamond.
Damage symptoms
Adult and larvae feed consume heavily on green matter of
leaves that results green membrane alike.
Management
Maintaining good cultivation practice. Growing solanaceous
and Cole crops at the same piece of land is the good way to control pest. We
can use Neem-based pesticides like Azadirachtin and Bio-insecticides like
Beauveria bassiana.
Flee beetle
- Identification
Adult of flee beetle are shiny black jumping beetle like
fleas.
Damage symptoms
Leaves have several tiny holes in it.
Management
Larvae’s can be killed using neem-based pesticides.
Soil dwelling insects
There are lots of soil dwelling insects that damage our
crops consuming the delicate roots and stem living in the soil. Some of them
are white grubs, cutworms, red ants etc.
Identification
White grubs have white sickle shaped body with brown head.
Similarly, larva of cutworms has smooth black body. While ants are red or brown
in color that is easy to identify.
Damage symptoms
Wilting followed by dying of crops. Plants topple down, wilt
and dies.
Management
Never use raw cattle dung that provide favorable environment
for grubs. To trap cutworms’ simple practice of piling up the weeds to trap
those worms can be done. Insecticides such as
chloropyrifos, malathion can be used against those soil dwelling pests.
Aphids
Identification
These are small green in color with or without the wings and
are million in numbers.
Damage symptom
Plant looks weak and you can observe other ants walking
around.
Management
For aphid’s mixture of cattle urine and water in the ration
of 1:4 can be used.
Diseases of Cole crops and their management
Alternaria leaf spot
Causal agent
Causal agent is fungus Alternaria dauci.
Symptoms
Initially, leaves have brown or black colored numerous
minute dots which later develops into wheels.
Management
Collection and proper destruction. Use fungicides like
mancozeb for seed treatment and copper-oxychloride to spray etc.
Sclerotinia rot
Causal agent
Sclerotinia rot is cause by fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
Symptoms
The stem superficial to soil rots and white fungal
development can be observed and wilting during flowering in plants.
Management
Simple cultivation practices such as use of disease-free
seed, sanitation, deep ploughing during land preparation can be done.
Black rot
Causal agent is Bacteria.
Symptoms
‘V’ shaped yellow symptoms starting from the side of leaves
can be observed at initial phase which later results blackening of leaf veins
and rotting of the whole plant.
Management
Use of healthy diseased free seeds.
Downy mildew
Causal agent
Causal agent of Downy mildew is Fungus.
Symptoms
Leaves of cauliflower have minute pink color dots on the
upper surface while lower surface have white fungal growth. Stems of curds
turns black.
Management
Seed treatment with carbendazim, do not keep too much
seedling in bed, crop rotation, and fungicides such as mancozeb,
copper-oxychloride can be applied against it.
Turnip mosaic
Causal agent
Causal agent is the Turnip mosaic virus.
Symptoms
Mosaic of green is visible on the leaves with some raised
parts.
Management
Uprooting the diseased plant and burning it. Control the
aphids as they serve as an vector.
Club root
Causal agent
Club root is caused by Bacterium.
Symptoms
Growth of plant ceases, yellowing, stunted growth of plant.
Diseased plants have club shaped roots when uprooted. Lower portion of roots
grow thick which later rots turning black.
Management
Crop rotation for 3-4 years if you are in large scale
cultivation. Destruction of whole plant. maintain the soil ph. above 7.2, if
the soil is acidic as heavy infestation is reported in these types of soil.
Carbendazim, can be used against it.
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